Abstract:In this article, we first define bi-periodic Pell sequence which is a generalization of Pell numbers consisting of two positive real numbers. We present some various sum formulas for the bi-periodic Pell numbers. After giving the definitions of r-circulant, symmetric rcirculant and geometric circulant matrices, we construct these circulant matrices with the generalized Pell sequence. Then, we investigate some inequalities for the bounds of the spectral norms of r-circulant, symmetric r-circulant and geometric circulant matrices with the generalized Pell numbers by three different ways. Finally, we give several corollaries related to norms of Hadamard and Kronecker products of these circulant matrices. The eigenvalues are also established for the r-circulant matrices whose entries are the generalized Pell numbers.
Abstract:The assessment of artificial neural network models-sigmoid (ANN-sigmoid) and hyperbolic tangent (ANN-tanh) for real-time air pollution forecasting in a Korean coastal city was performed using 15 input independent variables (3 hours' earlier PM, gas and meteorological data influenced by 48 hours’ earlier PM and gas data of a Chinese city). A feed-forward ANN technique of multilayer perception (MLP) with back-propagation training algorithm for error calculation was adopted with 15 hidden nodes and each prediction formula on four output variables was suggested. Root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2 ) assess each model’s prediction ability between the predicted and measured values, before, during, and after the Yellow Dust period (March 18~27). Pearson R coefficients from the ANN-sigmoid (or ANN-tanh) model on PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were 0.907 (0.935), 0.860 (0.942), 0.860 (0.925), and 0.957 (0.946) before the dust period, 0.917 (0.943), 0.959 (0.969), 0.855 (0.853), and 0.954 (0.949) during its period, and 0.920 (0.947), 0.928 (0.938), 0.917 (0.896), and 0.923 (0.952) after its period, showing very high prediction accuracy overall. Scatter plots with empirical formulae and temporal distributions between the predicted and measured values showed excellent prediction performance by two models, and the ANN-tanh model produced more accurate results.
Abstract:In this paper, we propose a pipeline algorithm for analysis of human gait in video for orthopedic diagnostic tasks. It is based on 3D human pose estimation that is used to detect human skeletons in 3D space. Images have depth blur in the third dimension, so obtaining accurate 3D pose estimates is more difficult. In this experiment, pre-training masks the data and uses Transformer based on the addition of parallel temporal and spatial feature modules to complete the 2D pose estimation of 3D pose. For such representations, there is a possibility to calculate angles at the articulation of the joint lines of the skeleton, changing such angles during human motion, and define the pathological direction of motion. This analysis calculates the changing of angles between key points of the constructed skeleton during the walking cycle. Angles are defined as dynamical characteristics. Such characteristics are very important for the diagnostics of orthopedic diseases, the definition of the treatment pipeline, and the determination of the type of corrective footwear.
Abstract:In this study, we present a new Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem using the bi-periodic Fibonacci matrix sequence. We propose a new cryptographic method on elliptic curves over a finite field. We map a plaintext matrix constructed from points corresponding to letters on an elliptic curve. The 2m*2m message matrix M is divided into 2*2 block matrices, Bi, for i=1,...,m^2, and each block is multiplied by the corresponding elements of the bi-periodic Fibonacci matrix sequence. Finally, the resulting matrix is multiplied by a permutation matrix to increase the complexity of the encryption algorithm.
Abstract:Dengue fever is rapidly spreading in many parts of the world and has emerged as a significant public health issue with potential fatal consequences. Information on the spatial distribution and state of dengue risk is necessary for any dengue prevention strategy and for defining the areas for control actions. As a result, an effort was made to map the dengue risk zones based on the geo-environmental and man-made factors that could affect the disease's potential transmission. The GIS platform was used to identify and customise the potential geo-environmental and man-made risk factors that affect dengue transmission. In addition, they contained particular ranges of values, which are said to be favourable for the spread of disease. A standardised dengue transmission risk index (SDTRI) was calculated using appropriate weighted scores for these factors to produce the risk map. In the study area, the SDTRI values varied from 8 to 19. With the rising value of SDTRI, the potential risk rises. A higher risk of dengue transmission in that area is indicated by the risk map's high index values. The correlation between this risk map prediction and past dengue outbreaks was strong (p 0.001), and it was discovered that the disease mostly affects areas with SDTRI values more than or equal to 13. Therefore, this dengue risk map will be helpful for spatial delimitation and for planning the appropriate interventions.
Abstract:This study examines the behavior of SUS304 stainless steel elliptical tubes with varying major-to-minor axis length ratios under cyclic bending loads. The primary focus is on the relationships between minor axis variation and the number of cycles, as well as between critical minor axis variation and controlled curvature. Minor axis variation is defined as the change in minor axis length relative to its original length. Four major-to-minor axis length ratios are considered: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0. Based on the experimental results, the relationship between minor axis variation and the number of cycles is divided into four stages: the initial stage, the secondary stage, the tertiary stage, and the fourth stage. Since buckling occurs during the transition from the second to the third stage, this study focuses on the first two stages. Additionally, at a fixed controlled curvature, a higher major-to-minor axis length ratio leads to faster minor axis variation growth and fewer cycles to fracture. Regarding the experimental relationship between critical minor axis variation and controlled curvature, a larger major-to-minor axis length ratio is associated with greater critical minor axis variation. This paper also proposes theoretical formulas to describe the relationships between minor axis variation and the number of cycles, as well as critical minor axis variation and controlled curvature. A comparison of theoretical and experimental data demonstrates that the proposed formulas accurately capture the experimental results.
Abstract:Equality is a term that has found its place in national and international legislation. However, it is seen that equality is sometimes included as a right and sometimes as a basic principle in terms of benefiting from other rights in the relevant regulations. Both in the legislation and in the Constitutional Court decisions, it is stated that equality is a superior concept that also includes the prohibition of discrimination. The Constitutional Court considers that equality is both a right and a fundamental principle in terms of benefiting from other rights. Our Constitution, by departing from the systematics of the 1924 and 1961 Constitutions, included equality not in the section of fundamental rights and freedoms, but in the section of general principles, which includes the basic principles related to the state. While some authors argue that equality is not a right, based on the systematics of the Constitution, some other authors think that equality is a right. However, when the literature on equality is reviewed, it is seen that the relevant studies are generally gathered under the title of the principle of equality. In this context, this study will discuss whether equality is a human right or not, based on different legal regulations, the systematics of the constitution, different views in the literature and the decisions of the Constitutional Court.
Abstract:Maintenance, as an integral part of the production process, plays a major role in ensuring optimal conditions in which the production process is carried out. The paper presents an example of the optimization of a part of the technical system of a paper machine, an industrial plant for the production of hygienic paper, with the aim of increasing the degree of reliability and reducing total maintenance costs. The starting point for the modernization of part of the production system is the setting up of an optimization algorithm for critical parts of technical systems, the application of which should result in concrete positive effects in the maintenance and production sector. The model considered the criticality analysis of parts of the technical system from the point of view of maintenance, as well as the analysis of technological parameters that have the potential to achieve savings by reducing energy consumption in the technological process. The most significant positive result of the optimization is the reduction of energy consumption per unit of produced goods, which is certainly a priority goal today, given the high costs and unavailability of certain energy sources.
Abstract:In today`s world of rapid change and transformation, the most significant difference is in the field of technology. Human beings, who have difficulty in keeping up with the speed of technological developments, also strive to increase their standard of living by including technology in every aspect of their lives. This change and transformation also affects organizations. Many organizations have completely surrendered their business processes to technology and established automation systems and unmanned production mechanisms have been developed. This situation has raised the question "is the human element in business life becoming inactive or does technology increase the efficiency of the human element and make their work easier?". In this study, the impact and contribution of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) on management processes was discussed, and evaluations were made on how AI can be utilized in the decision-making process.
Abstract:Farmers of Bangladesh produce both general and high-value vegetables, one of the major crops in Bangladesh that comprises required vitamins and minerals, cultivated throughout different seasons of the year. Due to the lack of proper knowledge about modern farming, farmers are not interested in producing high-value vegetables. This study tries to realize the development of vegetable farming after implementing safe methods for general and high-value vegetable cultivation and the consequential change in farmers` income. This study used and organized the data, collected during different baseline and impact studies, in a different way to reach the study objectives. Using structured questionnaires to collect data, this study tried to find out key information about socio-economic conditions, uses of agricultural land, vegetable farming techniques, selling, and financing during the project period. It is explored that the average vegetable production, revenue, and profits are significantly higher than that of the start of the project. The practice of safe methods and improved marketing can ensure increased employment, better quality vegetables free from toxicity, improved soil quality, and higher farmers` income. Creating awareness and providing proper training with logistic support will help the farmers cultivate and process general and high-value vegetables commercially.