The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method is an effective tool for investigating the subsurface resistivity structure. An important requirement for accurate investigation of the shallow depth is a transmitter current with the steep and linear falling-edge. We present a scheme for fast turning off the bipolar pulse current of TEM transmitter. The scheme exploits the passive voltage-clamp circuit and the divided transmitter loop. The moment the current is switched off, the transmitter loop is divided into two equal parts by controllable switches. Synchronously, the inverse constant high voltage is added to each loop parts by the voltage-clamp circuit composed of the transient voltage suppressors. When the current falls to zero, the loop parts are again connected to one for the next transmitting. We analyze the effect of proposed scheme by using the equations of fall time and linearity. Simulation and experimental results show that the transmitter current of this scheme has a short fall time and a highly linear falling-edge, which is especially useful for mine or shallow TEM surveys.

Objectives; Evaluation of complications of in situ repair of caesarean section uterine incision versus uterine exteriorization.\n Design: clinical randomized prospective study\nSetting: The study was conducted on 200 patients at El- shatby maternity university hospital after ethical committee approval and obtaining an informed consent.\nSubjects: All were 37 weeks gestation or more with singleton fetus prepared to have caesarean section. They were randomly allocated into 2 groups each of 100 participants:\nGroup A:exteriorization uterine repair Group B: in situ repair.\nOutcome measures: Primary outcome: blood loss.\n Secondary outcome: intra- operative and Postoperative complications \nResults: Insitu repair had a significant decrease in intra operative nausea, vomiting and tachycardia. Exteriorization resulted in significantly shorter repair time. Return of intestinal sounds was significant faster with insitu repair.\nConclusions: There is no definite or absolute privilege of in-situ repair versus exteriorization

Sand mining, among the many activities that have significant effects on the bank changes of rivers, has increased in many parts of Iran in recent decades. This study aims to gain the relationships between Haraz River mining activities, sediment transport and also tries to determine how mining affect the channel boundary changes. Due to the importance of this issue in the present study, the effect of mining activities on the determination of channel boundaries in a given reach of 40 km has been investigated from Haraz watershed in north part of Iran. Different models and techniques were used such to detect the changes in river mining activities during 1921 to 2020 from satellite images and field survey, to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river from the HEC-RAS hydraulic model and to compare the changes in the river channel boundaries based on the DLSRS model. The results of changes in mining activity levels indicate geometric changes in the bed of the Haraz River, such as displacement, narrowing and also showed that the increase of human activities (social tension) and the change of the flow regime increase the boundary of the river. Finally, the research show that during the last century, the level of mines in the study area has increased from 0 to 13.57 hectares in 2020 and its maximum development was in the decade of 2011. As a conclusion, the river bank boundary has increased from 9 meters in 1921 to 17 meters in 2020.

A suitable extended second derivative backward differentiation formulae method in block form was constructed and applied in determining the numerical solutions of some first order delay differential equations (DDEs) without the introduction of interpolation techniques in evaluating the delay term. The continuous expressions of each step number of this method were investigated to obtain the discrete schemes through the linear multistep collocation technique by matrix inversion procedure. The obtained discrete schemes were tested which clearly revealed the order and error constants, consistency, zero stability, convergence and region of absolute stability of this method. After the application of this method in solving some first order delay differential equations, the results obtained proved that the higher step number integrated with extended future point performed better than the lower step numbers and integrated with extended future points when compared with the exact solutions and other existing methods.

Providing high quality with competitive prices is generally essential in the automotive industry because of the customers (directly automotive OEMs and indirectly their end-users) demanding new and costly features without showing additional willingness to pay. For this reason, accurate analysis of customer value becomes very helpful for developing new concepts, and hence for correct positioning in this competitive area. Although one of the most important parts of the engine in an automobile is the clutch, there are very limited studies on its value analysis in the literature. Correspondingly, in order to fill this gap, this paper analyses the customer value of automotive clutch components and their functions by using a two-phase QFD methodology, and a fuzzy-logic based data-fusion methodology. While the former phase determines relative weights of the benefit through the House of Quality, the latter phase performs the parts (and cost) deployment to determine the costs of the clutch functions by using a reverse costing analysis incorporating the product teardown cost information. Having obtained benefit, cost, and technical difficulty information, a fuzzy-logic model evaluates the competitive importance of each clutch function. This work identifies the three most important clutch functions and their related subcomponents.

In this paper and in order to solve the multi objective optimal redundancy design of parallel-series electrical systems problem , a recent algorithm based on an hybridization of two metaheuristics which are the bat algorithm (BA) and the Generalized Evolutionary Walk Algorithm (GEWA) also called BAG (bat algorithm with Generalized Flight)is used. The approach is combined the Ushakov method or universal general function (UMGF) to evaluate the reliability of the multi-state series-parallel heterogeneous system. The multi objective design aims either to minimize the design cost and to maximize the reliability and the performance of the electric power generation system from solar and gas generators by taking into account reliability indices. The components of each electrical subsystem are characterized by their reliabilities, costs and performances (capacities). Reliability is defined as the ability to satisfy consumer demand that is given by a cumulative load curve. Two different design allocation problems commonly found in power systems planning are solved to show the performance of the algorithm. The first is a bi-objective formulation corresponds to the minimization of system investment cost, maximization of system availability. In the second, the multiobjective formulation seeks to maximize system availability, minimize system investment cost, and maximization of performance capacity.

Our understanding of intelligence is directed primarily at the level of human beings. This paper attempts to give a more unifying definition that can be applied to the natural world in general. The definition would be used more to verify a degree of intelligence, not to quantify it and might help when making judgements on the matter. A version of an accepted test for AI is then put forward as the \'acid test\' for Artificial Intelligence itself. It might be what a free-thinking program or robot would try to achieve. Recent work by the author on AI has been more from a direction of mechanical processes, or ones that might operate automatically. This paper will not try to question the idea of intelligence, in the sense of a pro-active or conscious event, but try to put it into a more passive, automatic and mechanical context. The paper also suggests looking at intelligence and consciousness as being slightly different.

In the present paper, we give the relationship between the Frenet frame and the lightcone frame of a mixed-type curve. We present the curvature and the torsion of a mixed-type curve in terms of its lightcone semi-polar coordinates. Finally, the Darboux vector of the curve is expressed as a linear combination of the lightcone frame and the lightcone semi-polar coordinates.