The Instrumentation Amplifier is among the most critical components of an ECG recording device. The Instrumentation Amplifier may have been the first component in the analog chain to analyze the ECG data from the human body, determining crucial ECG system parameters including noise and CMRR. Owing to the ECG\'s very limited bandwidth, developing a fully integrated ECG recording system is extremely difficult.This article discusses a concept for a completely integrated instrumentation amplifier with low noise & low power consumption. The Instrumentation Amplifier\'s operational power consumption block is just an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), that leads in minimal power consumption. The current mirror-based low power OTA was developed in this study using MOSFET sub threshold concept. The circuit\'s transistors are configured to operate throughout the weak inversion region. CMOS 45nm technology is used to develop and simulate the circuit. With 1V supply voltage, the proposed IA has an input referred noise of 1.21 μVrms.

Tuberculosis is a deadly disease, being responsible for management challenges. It is estimated there are about 9 million people engaged to tuberculosis every year. By 2020, there are expectedly additional 200 million infected cases and 70 million deaths caused by tuberculosis. The most effective treatment for tuberculosis - pleural puncture chemotherapy - is subject to effusion complications within 6-8 months, which has been a major obstacle in controlling tuberculosis for a long time. Therefore, it is essential to invent new drugs or work out new treatment methods to shorten the treatment course. Meanwhile, the method using low-level laser as a mean to support tuberculosis treatment has been widely researched. The article applies research on semiconductor laser created in tuberculosis treatment. Monte Carlo simulation method is used to irradiate low-power semiconductor laser beam to pulmonary tissues on the front and back chest of the patient, to select the suitable wavelength for the research and application of low-level semiconductor laser in supporting the treatment of tuberculosis in the community.

AbstractThe present review paper has been written in a way to investigate the previous research works on the treatment of diabetes mellitus using Aloe Vera and Allium Cepa extracts and draw a conclusion regarding the validity and usefulness of these extracts in treatment and prevention of the diabetes. The objective is to identify the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel and Allium Cepa extracts on diabetic patients as well as induced diabetic animal models. The present study includes study on various research papers published in different journals in different years and to conclude the potential use of Aloe Vera and Allium Cepa in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To keep the area of review broad we have included various studies which include people in pre-diabetic state and also patients with diabetes mellitus rather than only selecting research works that are based on animal models. The study also includes various aspects like in-vivo and in-vitro studies on animal models. The main theme of the review is to investigate the use of Aloe Vera and Allium Cepa in the treatment of the diabetes and also to explore the various other useful effects of Aloe Vera and Allium Cepa extracts on the diabetic patients. The review includes not only a single aspect of treatment of diabetes with the help of Aloe Vera and Allium Cepa extracts but also the effects and potential use of these extracts in prevention measures as well. Diabetes has affected millions of people around the globe. Type 2 diabetes is one of the major concerns among the other various types of diabetes found in people. A lot of plant extracts related treatment methodologies has been researchers interest since very long time. Herbs like Ginger, onion and Aloe Vera extracts has been tested for the potential treatment of diabetes mellitus of which Aloe Vera is the widely researched one.

We consider the controllability problem for a class of fractional impulsive evolution systems of mixed type in an infinite dimensional Banach space. The existence of mild solutions and controllability results are discussed by a new estimation technique of the measure of noncompactness and a fixed point theorem with respect to a convex-power condensing operator. However, the main results do not need any restrictive conditions on estimated parameters of the measure of noncompactness. Since we do not assume that the semigroup is compact and other conditions are more general, the outcomes we obtain here improve and generalize many known controllability results. An example is also given to demonstrate the applications of our main results.

A new compound extension of the Inverse Rayleigh distribution is introduced and studied. Some of its properties including moments, incomplete moments, quantile, random number generation, probability weighted moments, moment generating function, stress strength reliability model , residual life and reversed residual life functions are derived. The estimation of the parameters is carried out via different methods. Bayesian estimates are computed under gamma and normal prior. The performances of all estimation methods are studied through Monte Carlo simulations and two real data applications. Two applications to real data sets are provided for comparing the new model with other competitive models and to illustrate the importance of the proposed model via the maximum likelihood method. Numerical analysis\nfor expected value, variance, skewness and kurtosis are given.

The purpose of this study is to propose a model to understand the impact of brand information (awareness and image) on marketing variables (satisfaction, brand loyalty, WOM and purchase intention) for individuals who like or follow brands in social media. In this study, 522 questionnaires were collected, and multi-group structural equation modelling was used. According to the findings, brand awareness had a significant direct effect on brand image and significant indirect effect on brand loyalty and purchase intention through brand image. Also, the direct effects of brand image on satisfaction, brand loyalty and purchase intention were found to be a significant and indirect effect of brand image on WOM and purchase intention through brand loyalty is significant. Thus, brand awareness and brand image have become prominent variables in terms of brand loyalty, WOM and purchase intentions of consumers in social media. It has been determined that brand loyalty is crucial for brands in social media. Although brand loyalty has a low explained variance rate, its impact on WOM and purchase intention is robust. Social media has also been shown to have substantial effects on WOM and purchase intention. Also, by using the theory of gender socialization, it is examined whether the whole model changes according to gender. Managerial and theoretical implications, limitations and recommendations regarding the study are presented.

In earthquake resistant design, maximizing energy dissipation and limiting elastic and inelastic deformations are important design considerations of a structure. In this paper, the numerical modeling, conceptual application and design of a hybrid device capable of providing energy dissipation during an earthquake and structural re-centering after an earthquake for steel frames are described. The proposed device makes use of the superelasticity effect of shape memory alloys (SMA) for re-centering, and hysteretic behavior of SMA and energy dissipative capability of a viscous fluid damper for energy dissipation. The Wilde model is used to represent the hysteretic behavior of SMA and a viscous damping model is used to simulate the behavior of the viscous damper. Since the proposed device is to be mounted on the apex of an inverted Chevron brace in each story of the frame, a model to represent the hysteretic behavior of this brace is also presented. The device is activated when interstory displacement occurs in the frame. To facilitate design, detailed design procedure is outlined and a design example is given to demonstrate that the proposed device can effectively reduce frame deflections and decrease or eliminate permanent deformations when the frame is subject to strong ground motions.

The world is suffering its deadly pandemic in decades from Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Till the end of April, 2020, the death toll rose to more than 2 lacs worldwide (224 301, on May 1st), affecting 215 countries (source: WHO). Since the invention of a new drug or vaccine takes time, drug repurposing is one of the avenues. Keeping that in mind, we have tried to shed light on some of the drugs, using molecular docking/modeling studies, which could be of immense importance in the current scenario. Using bioinformatic approaches, we have tried to work on the viral spike (S) protein, majorly involved in pathogenicity through its receptor binding event and fusion to the host cells. More emphasis was given on the spike proteins (6vsb) and (6lxt). We predicted the drugs that target to the S proteins by in-silico docking analysis. We determined the functional part of the spike of SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs were predicted by analysis of the functional part using the PDBsum/DrugPort. Molecular Docking unveiled the binding of those drugs to the target spike. This in-silico study actually envisions the efficacy of the predicted drugs against the spikes of SARS-CoV-2 and the binding of the drugs might propose the combinatorial effect of the drugs to neutralize the spike effect in the human body.